Louis-Alexandre Equipment regarding Person Diet, Service away from Restaurants Science and you will Person Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., Athens 11855, Greece; E-Mails: (O.Meters.); (V.B.); (A beneficial.Z.)
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Conceptual
All drinks hydrate and most also provide nutrients and energy. Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of drinks to total energy intake in summer and winter. Data were obtained using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) from a sample of the general population in Athens, Greece (n = 984), 473 individuals (42 ± 18 years) in summer and 511 individuals (38 ± 20 years) in winter stratified by sex and age. The WBQ embeds a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire of 58 foods and the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed for the contribution of drinks to total energy intake. In winter, total energy intake was 2082 ± 892 kcal/day; energy intake from drinks was 479 ± 286 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1860 ± 390 kcal/day. In summer, total energy intake was 1890 ± 894 kcal/day, energy intake from drinks 492 ± 499 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1830 ± 491 kcal/day. Energy intake from drinks in summer was higher than in winter (p < 0.001)> Keywords: water balance questionnaire WBQ, winter, summer, hydration, sugar-sweetened drinks, drink
step 1. Introduction
Beverages regarding kinds of beverage, java, milk, fruit juice, soft drinks, eating plan drinks, energy beverages and you will alcohol appear in a huge and you may expanding number of alternatives. Diversity meets style preferences, health criteria, and you may lifetime demands, and in case a variety of products come, it’s prone to arrived at euhydration .
Products lead whenever 25%–50% regarding water intake [dos,step 3,4], therefore he could be necessary for meeting every day drinking water means and having euhydration. Moisture might have been for the restoration out-of normal real and you may intellectual https://kissbrides.com/brazilian-women/blumenau/ properties .
not, this has been debated you to definitely beverages lead notably into expanding obesity prices around the globe [six,7], mainly because of their energy stuff [8,9,10]. In a few degree, Sugar Sweetened Products (SSB) application might have been of this gaining weight in kids and you may grownups , when you find yourself proof one to decreasing SSBs will reduce the chance of being obese and you can related disease including type 2 diabetes might have been viewed while the powerful . Times intake out of drinks has increased significantly for the past 40 ages of the as much as 222 calories for each individual each and every day .
Still, drinks on individuals classes don’t contribute similarly so you’re able to opportunity consumption . The power articles of one’s take in plus consumption designs may suggest if you don’t, we.elizabeth., certain caloric drinks tends to be ate rarely hence adding almost no so you can each and every day energy consumption. It’s been argued one replacement sweetened caloric beverages which have water might help eliminate complete energy intake from inside the heavy customers . Still, use of sweetened caloric products is actually an intricate procedure that will be looked at not in the caloric contribution as well as in the fresh framework out-of weight reduction designs .
Additionally, on the other hand in order to dining practices, individuals issues such as for instance seasonality, physical exercise levels and sex could affect the newest variety into the take in selection and you will sum to overall energy intake. These types of circumstances haven’t been fully investigated; then education in this field will elucidate the present day matter-of energy intake off weight loss provide and you will out of drinks particularly.
Within the an earlier data held inside Greece, making use of the H2o Harmony Questionnaire (WBQ) product, we found that in 984 adults, 24% from drinking habits is inspired by products . There is certainly a keen unequivocal must next advanced within these results, elucidating the brand new sum away from drinks to complete time intake and you will equilibrium.