Louis-Alexandre Device out of Individual Nutrients, Institution off Dinner Science and you may Individual Nourishment, Farming University off Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., Athens 11855, Greece; E-Mails: (O.Meters.); (V.B.); (A great.Z.)
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Conceptual
All drinks hydrate and most also provide nutrients and energy. Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of drinks to total energy intake in summer and winter. Data were obtained using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) from a sample of the general population in Athens, Greece (n = 984), 473 individuals (42 ± 18 years) in summer and 511 individuals (38 ± 20 years) in winter stratified by sex and age. The WBQ embeds a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire of 58 foods and the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed for the contribution of drinks to total energy intake. In winter, total energy intake was 2082 ± 892 kcal/day; energy intake from drinks was 479 ± 286 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1860 ± 390 kcal/day. In summer, total energy intake was 1890 ± 894 kcal/day, energy intake from drinks 492 ± 499 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1830 ± 491 kcal/day. Energy intake from drinks in summer was higher than in winter (p < 0.001)> Keywords: water balance questionnaire WBQ, winter, summer, hydration, sugar-sweetened drinks, drink
1. Introduction
Products in the types of beverage, coffee, dairy, juice, soft drinks, diet plan beverages, energy beverages and you may alcoholic beverages appear in a massive and you can increasing level of selection. Assortment satisfies taste choices, health criteria, and you may lives needs, while some beverages arrive, it is more likely to visited euhydration .
Beverages lead as much as twenty-five%–50% regarding water intake [dos,3,4], thus they are important for meeting daily liquid means and having euhydration. Moisture has been in the maintenance regarding typical real and you will intellectual characteristics .
However, it’s been contended you to products contribute significantly into the increasing carrying excess fat costs globally [6,7], mainly because of its time stuff [8,9,10]. In some degree, Glucose Sweetened Beverages (SSB) usage might have been on the putting on weight in kids and you can adults , while proof one coming down SSBs often reduce the likelihood of being obese and you will related disease for example diabetes might have been seen brightwomen.net kiireellinen linkki once the compelling . Energy intake from beverages has increased considerably for the past 40 ages by the up to 222 unhealthy calories for every individual per day .
Nonetheless, beverages throughout the various classes don’t contribute similarly to times intake . The energy blogs of one’s take in and usage habits may suggest otherwise, we.age., particular caloric beverages are ate hardly thus contributing almost no to every day times intake. It has been contended one substitution sweetened caloric drinks having liquid might help get rid of full energy consumption in heavy customers . Nevertheless, consumption of sweetened caloric drinks are an intricate issue which can be viewed outside the caloric share plus the new framework out of weight-loss habits .
Furthermore, simultaneously in order to food consumption, certain affairs like seasonality, physical activity levels and you can sex may affect the range from inside the take in alternatives and you may sum in order to total opportunity intake. This type of things haven’t been fully examined; after that studies in this area have a tendency to elucidate the current case of times consumption out-of weight-loss source and you will regarding drinks specifically.
Inside an earlier research conducted from inside the Greece, making use of the Drinking water Balance Survey (WBQ) product, we unearthed that in the 984 people, 24% off drinking habits originates from drinks . There can be an unequivocal need then tricky on these findings, elucidating the brand new share off drinks so you’re able to overall time intake and you can equilibrium.